In use before independence from France until the overthrow of the bey a year after independence, the author of the music is debatable. Some historians have said it was composed by famed Italian composer Guiseppe Verdi, while others disagree. The anthem was originally wordless, but lyrics (first Arabic, then French) were written by unknown authors.
Special thanks to: Ben Cahoon for some of this information, and Paweł Ciupak for the music file.